did the indians tell edward s. curtis what really happened to custer at little bighorn?
Sitting Balderdash (c. 1831-1890) was a Teton Dakota Native American chief who united the Sioux tribes of the American Great Plains against the white settlers taking their tribal land. The 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty granted the sacred Blackness Hills of South Dakota to the Sioux, but when gold was discovered at that place in 1874, the U.S. government ignored the treaty and began to remove native tribes from their land by force.
The ensuing Great Sioux Wars culminated in the 1876 Battle of Trivial Bighorn, when Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse led united tribes to victory against General George Armstrong Custer. Sitting Bull was shot and killed by Indian police officers on Standing Rock Indian Reservation in 1890, but is remembered for his courage in defending native lands.
Sitting Balderdash's Early Life
Sitting Balderdash's tepee and family unit.
Library of Congress
Sitting Balderdash was built-in in 1831 near K River, Dakota Territory in what is today South Dakota. He was the son of Returns-Once more, a renowned Sioux warrior who named his son "Jumping Badger" at birth. The immature boy killed his first buffalo at historic period 10 and by 14, joined his father and uncle on a raid of a Crow military camp. Later on the raid, his male parent renamed him Tatanka Yotanka, or Sitting Bull, for his bravery.
Sitting Bull shortly joined the Strong Heart warrior society and the Silent Eaters, a group that ensured the welfare of the tribe. He led the expansion of Sioux hunting grounds into westward territories previously inhabited past the Assiniboine, Crow and Shoshone, among others.
Sitting Bull Resists U.Southward. Authorities
Sitting Bull first battled the U.S. Army in June of 1863, when they came after the Santee Sioux (not the Dakota) in retaliation for the Minnesota Uprising, sparked when federal agents withheld food from the Sioux living on reservations along the Minnesota River. Over 300 Sioux were arrested in the Minnesota Insurgence, only President Abraham Lincoln commuted the sentences of all merely 39 of the accused.
Sitting Bull faced the might of the U.S. military again at the Battle of Killdeer Mountain on July 28, 1864, when U.S. forces under General Alfred Sully surrounded an Indian trading village, somewhen forcing the Sioux to retreat. These face-offs convinced Sitting Bull to never sign a treaty that would strength his people onto a reservation.
Sitting Balderdash and The Fort Laramie Treaty
His resolve was non shared by all. In 1868, Cherry-red Cloud, or Mahpiua Luta (1822-1909), principal of the Oglala Teton Dakota Sioux, signed the Fort Laramie Treaty with 24 other tribal leaders and representatives of the U.S. government including Lieutenant General William Tecumseh Sherman. The treaty created the Great Sioux Reservation and earmarked boosted land for the Sioux in parts of S Dakota, Wyoming and Nebraska.
Sitting Bull's anti-treaty stance won him many followers, and around 1869, he was fabricated supreme leader of the autonomous bands of Lakota Sioux—the first person to ever hold such a title. Members of the Arapaho and Cheyenne tribes soon joined him.
The uneasy peace of the Fort Laramie Treaty was short-lived. In 1874, gold was discovered in the Black Hills, a place sacred to the Sioux and inside the boundaries of the Great Sioux Reservation. White settlers seeking their fortunes rushed to claim the state as their own. The U.Due south. regime reneged on the treaty, enervating that any Sioux who dared resist motion to the redrawn reservation lines past January 31, 1876 or be considered an enemy of the United States. Sitting Bull was expected to move everyone in his village an incommunicable 240 miles in the biting cold.
Defiant, Sitting Bull refused to back down. He mustered a strength that included the Arapaho, Cheyenne and Sioux and faced off confronting General George Crook on June 17, 1876, winning victory in the Battle of the Rosebud. From in that location, his forces moved to the valley of the Little Bighorn River.
Curl to Go on
The Battle of Little Bighorn
It was in a campsite at Fiddling Bighorn River that Sitting Bull, then a revered leader and holy human, or "Wichasa Wakan," participated in a Dominicus Trip the light fantastic anniversary where he famously danced for 36 hours straight, making 50 sacrificial cuts on each arm before falling into a trance. When he awoke, he revealed that he had a vision of U.S. soldiers falling similar grasshoppers from the sky, which he interpreted as an omen that the army would before long be defeated.
On June 25, 600 men nether the leadership of General George Custer, a West Betoken graduate, entered the valley. Sitting Bull ensured the women and children of the tribe were prophylactic while Crazy Equus caballus (c.1840-77) led over 3,000 Native Americans to victory in the Boxing of the Trivial Bighorn, overwhelming Custer's smaller force of 300. Custer and every single one of his men were killed in what came to be known as Custer'south Last Stand up.
Sitting Balderdash Surrenders
In the wake of The Boxing of Petty Bighorn, the incensed U.S. government redoubled their efforts to hunt down the Sioux. At the same time, the encroachment of white settlers on traditionally Indian lands profoundly reduced the buffalo population that the Sioux depended on for survival. In May 1877, Sitting Bull led his people to safety in Canada.
With nutrient and resources scarce, Sitting Bull surrendered to the U.S. Army on July 20, 1881 in commutation for amnesty for his people. He was a pw in South Dakota'southward Fort Randall for two years before being moved to Continuing Rock Reservation.
Sitting Balderdash and Buffalo Nib Cody'south Wild Due west Show
Sitting Bull and Buffalo Bill.
Library of Congress
Sitting Bull was occasionally permitted to travel, and information technology was on one of his trips outside the reservation that he struck upward a friendship with sharpshooter Annie Oakley, whom he affectionately nicknamed "Little Certain Shot" after seeing her perform in St. Paul, Minnesota in 1884.
In 1885, Sitting Bull joined Oakley in performing in Buffalo Neb Cody's Wild Due west Bear witness. Buffalo Beak was by then a celebrity with a storied past straight out of a Western: He'd rode horses for the Pony Express, fought in the American Ceremonious War and served as a sentinel for the Army.
Sitting Bull rode in the show'southward opening act, signed autographs and fifty-fifty met President Grover Cleveland, though he could also exist mocked and booed onstage. He left the show in October at age 54 and never returned.
Sitting Balderdash's Decease and Burial Site
Continuing Rock Reservation soon became the center of controversy when the Ghost Trip the light fantastic Movement started gaining traction. Followers believed that deceased tribe members would ascent from the expressionless along with killed buffalo while all white people would disappear. Worried that the influential Sitting Bull would join the movement and incite rebellion, Indian constabulary advanced on his cabin to arrest him.
On December 15, 1890, Indian police woke the sleeping Sitting Bull in his bed at 6 a.m. When he refused to go quietly, a crowd gathered. A swain shot a fellow member of the Indian police, who retaliated by shooting Sitting Bull in the head and chest. Sitting Bull died instantly from the gunshot wounds. Two weeks later on his death, the army massacred 150 Sioux at Wounded Knee, the terminal fight between federal troops and the Sioux.
Sitting Bull was cached at Fort Yates Military Cemetery in North Dakota by the army. In 1953, family members exhumed what they idea was Sitting Bull's grave and reburied the bones they institute virtually Mobridge, South Dakota, overlooking the Missouri River.
Sources:
Sitting Bull. Biography.com.
New Perspectives on The West: Sitting Balderdash. PBS.
Sitting Bull. NPS.gov.
Sitting Bull, Buffalo Bill And The Circus of Lies. The Contained.
The Native American Ghost Dance, A Symbol of Disobedience. ThoughtCo.
Final Stand up to Salve Grave of Sitting Bull. The Telegraph.
Source: https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/sitting-bull
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